Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm ntau yam additives nyob rau hauv aluminium alloy

Silicon (Si)
Silicon (Si) yog cov khoom tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho fluidity. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws fluidity tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm eutectic mus rau hypereutectic. Txawm li cas los xij, silicon (Si) uas crystallizes nyhav tsim cov ntsiab lus nyuaj, ua rau kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Yog li ntawd, nws yog feem ntau tsis pub tshaj qhov eutectic point. Tsis tas li ntawd, silicon (Si) tuaj yeem txhim kho lub zog tensile, hardness, txiav kev ua tau zoo, thiab lub zog ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thaum txo elongation.
Magnesium (Mg) Aluminium-magnesium alloy muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws corrosion kuj. Yog li ntawd, ADC5 thiab ADC6 yog cov khoom siv corrosion-resistant. Nws cov khoom sib txawv yog loj heev, yog li nws muaj kub brittleness, thiab cov castings yog nquag tawg, ua rau casting nyuaj. Magnesium (Mg) raws li impurity nyob rau hauv AL-Cu-Si cov ntaub ntawv, Mg2Si yuav ua rau cov casting brittle, yog li tus qauv feem ntau nyob rau hauv 0.3%.

Hlau (Fe) Txawm hais tias hlau (Fe) tuaj yeem nce qhov kub ntawm zinc (Zn) thiab ua kom cov txheej txheem recrystallization qeeb, hauv kev tuag-casting melting, hlau (Fe) los ntawm cov hlau crucibles, gooseneck hlab, thiab cov cuab yeej yaj, thiab. yog soluble hauv zinc (Zn). Cov hlau (Fe) nqa los ntawm txhuas (Al) yog qhov me me, thiab thaum hlau (Fe) dhau qhov kev txwv tsis pub solubility, nws yuav crystallize li FeAl3. Cov teeb meem tshwm sim los ntawm Fe feem ntau tsim slag thiab ntab li FeAl3 tebchaw. Lub casting ua nkig, thiab machinability deteriorates. Lub fluidity ntawm hlau cuam tshuam rau smoothness ntawm casting nto.
Cov impurities ntawm hlau (Fe) yuav tsim koob zoo li muaju ntawm FeAl3. Txij li thaum tuag-casting yog txias sai heev, cov precipitated crystals yog zoo heev thiab tsis tuaj yeem suav tias yog cov khoom tsis zoo. Yog tias cov ntsiab lus tsawg dua 0.7%, nws tsis yooj yim rau demould, yog li cov ntsiab lus hlau ntawm 0.8-1.0% yog qhov zoo dua rau kev tuag-casting. Yog tias muaj ntau cov hlau (Fe), cov hlau sib txuas yuav raug tsim, tsim cov ntsiab lus nyuaj. Ntxiv mus, thaum cov hlau (Fe) cov ntsiab lus siab tshaj 1.2%, nws yuav txo qhov fluidity ntawm cov hlau, ua rau qhov zoo ntawm casting, thiab luv luv lub neej ntawm cov khoom hlau hauv cov khoom siv tuag.

Nickel (Ni) Zoo li tooj liab (Cu), muaj kev nyiam ua kom lub zog tensile thiab hardness, thiab nws muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj rau kev tiv thaiv corrosion. Qee zaum, npib tsib xee (Ni) yog ntxiv los txhim kho qhov kub thiab txias, tab sis nws muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau corrosion kuj thiab thermal conductivity.

Manganese (Mn) Nws tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov kub thiab txias zog ntawm cov alloys uas muaj tooj liab (Cu) thiab silicon (Si). Yog tias nws dhau qhov kev txwv, nws yooj yim los tsim Al-Si-Fe-P + o {T * T f; X Mn quaternary compounds, uas tuaj yeem tsim cov ntsiab lus nyuaj thiab txo cov thermal conductivity. Manganese (Mn) tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov txheej txheem recrystallization ntawm aluminium alloys, nce qhov kub ntawm recrystallization, thiab ua kom zoo dua cov nplej recrystallization. Kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov nplej recrystallization feem ntau yog vim muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm MnAl6 compound particles ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm recrystallization nplej. Lwm txoj haujlwm ntawm MnAl6 yog kom yaj impurity hlau (Fe) los ua (Fe, Mn) Al6 thiab txo cov teebmeem ntawm cov hlau. Manganese (Mn) yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm aluminium alloys thiab tuaj yeem muab ntxiv ua ib qho Al-Mn binary alloy lossis ua ke nrog lwm cov ntsiab lus alloying. Yog li ntawd, feem ntau aluminium alloys muaj manganese (Mn).

Zinc (Zn)
Yog tias tsis muaj zinc (Zn) tam sim no, nws yuav pom qhov kub thiab txias brittleness. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum ua ke nrog mercury (Hg) los tsim cov HgZn2 alloys muaj zog, nws ua rau muaj zog ntxiv. JIS tau hais tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov zinc tsis huv (Zn) yuav tsum tsawg dua 1.0%, thaum cov qauv txawv teb chaws tuaj yeem tso cai txog 3%. Qhov kev sib tham no tsis yog hais txog zinc (Zn) raws li cov khoom siv hlau, tab sis nws lub luag hauj lwm yog impurity uas nyiam ua rau tawg hauv castings.

Chromium (Cr)
Chromium (Cr) tsim intermetallic tebchaw xws li (CrFe) Al7 thiab (CrMn) Al12 nyob rau hauv txhuas, cuam tshuam lub nucleation thiab loj hlob ntawm recrystallization thiab muab ib co ntxiv dag zog rau cov alloy. Nws tseem tuaj yeem txhim kho cov alloy qhov toughness thiab txo kev ntxhov siab corrosion cracking rhiab heev. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tuaj yeem ua rau quenching rhiab heev.

Titanium (Ti)
Txawm tias me me ntawm titanium (Ti) hauv cov hlau tuaj yeem txhim kho nws cov khoom siv kho tshuab, tab sis nws tuaj yeem txo nws cov hluav taws xob conductivity. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm titanium (Ti) hauv Al-Ti series alloys rau nag lossis daus hardening yog li ntawm 0.15%, thiab nws lub xub ntiag tuaj yeem raug txo nrog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm boron.

Lead (Pb), Tin (Sn), thiab Cadmium (Cd)
Calcium (Ca), lead (Pb), tin (Sn), thiab lwm yam impurities yuav muaj nyob rau hauv txhuas alloys. Txij li cov ntsiab lus no muaj cov ntsiab lus sib txawv thiab cov qauv sib txawv, lawv tsim cov khoom sib txawv nrog txhuas (Al), uas ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom ntawm aluminium alloys. Calcium (Ca) muaj cov khoom solubility tsawg heev nyob rau hauv txhuas thiab cov ntaub ntawv CaAl4 tebchaw nrog txhuas (Al), uas tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm aluminium alloys. Lead (Pb) thiab tin (Sn) yog cov hlau uas tsis tshua muaj melting point uas tsis muaj cov khoom solubility hauv txhuas (Al), uas tuaj yeem txo lub zog ntawm cov hlau, tab sis txhim kho nws cov kev ua tau zoo.

Ntxiv cov hmoov lead (Pb) cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem txo qhov hardness ntawm zinc (Zn) thiab nce nws cov solubility. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias ib qho ntawm cov hlau lead (Pb), tin (Sn), lossis cadmium (Cd) tshaj li qhov teev tseg hauv ib qho txhuas: zinc alloy, corrosion kuj yuav tshwm sim. Qhov kev xeb no tsis zoo, tshwm sim tom qab qee lub sijhawm, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias, high-humidity atmospheres.